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When Will It Be Warm Again in Minnesota

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Climatic weather of Minnesota

Minnesota has a humid continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Minnesota's location in the Upper Midwest allows information technology to experience some of the widest diverseness of weather condition in the U.s.a., with each of the iv seasons having its ain distinct characteristics. The area near Lake Superior in the Minnesota Arrowhead region experiences weather unique from the rest of the state. The moderating upshot of Lake Superior keeps the surrounding area relatively libation in the summer and warmer in the winter, giving that region a smaller yearly temperature variation. On the Köppen climate classification, much of the southern third of Minnesota—roughly from the Twin Cities region southward—falls in the hot summer zone (Dfa), and the northern 2-thirds of Minnesota falls in the warm summer zone (Dfb).

Winter in Minnesota is characterized by cold (beneath freezing) temperatures. Snow is the main grade of winter precipitation, but freezing rain, sleet, and occasionally pelting are all possible during the winter months. Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks; some of which develop into blizzards. Annual snowfall extremes have ranged from over 170 inches or 4.32 metres in the rugged Superior Highlands of the North Shore to as fiddling as 5 inches or 0.13 metres in southern Minnesota. Temperatures as low every bit −60 °F or −51.one °C have occurred during Minnesota winters. Leap is a time of major transition in Minnesota. Snowstorms are common early in the leap, but past late-spring as temperatures begin to moderate, the state tin can feel tornado outbreaks, a gamble which diminishes but does not cease through the summer and into the autumn.

In summer, rut and humidity predominate in the south, while warm and less humid conditions are more often than not present in the north. These humid conditions initiate thunderstorm activity 30–40 days per year. Summer high temperatures in Minnesota average in the mid-80s F (thirty °C) in the southward to the upper-70s F (25 °C) in the north, with temperatures as hot equally 114 °F (46 °C) possible. The growing season in Minnesota varies from 90 days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeast Minnesota. Tornadoes are possible in Minnesota from March through November, but the peak tornado month is June, followed by July, May, and August. The land averages 27 tornadoes per yr.[1] Average annual precipitation beyond the country ranges from approximately 35 inches (890 mm) in the southeast to 20 inches (510 mm) in the northwest. Autumn weather in Minnesota is largely the reverse of spring weather. The jet stream—which tends to weaken in summer—begins to revive, leading to a quicker irresolute of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures. By belatedly October and November, these storm systems go strong enough to form major winter storms. Autumn and spring are the windiest times of the year in Minnesota.

General climatology [edit]

The boilerplate monthly temperature of Minneapolis varies from xiii °F or −xi °C in Jan to 73 °F or 23 °C in July.

Because of its location in N America, Minnesota experiences temperature extremes feature of a continental climate, with cold winters and mild to hot summers in the south and frigid winters and generally cool summers in the due north.[2] Each season has distinctive upper air patterns which bring unlike conditions weather with them. The state is nearly 500 miles (805 km) from any big torso of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), and temperatures and atmospheric precipitation vary widely. It is far enough northward to feel −60 °F (−51 °C) temperatures and blizzards during the wintertime months, but far plenty southward to have 114 °F or 45.6 °C temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer.[3] The 174 °F or 96.7 °C variation betwixt Minnesota'southward highest and lowest temperature is the eleventh largest variation of any U.Due south. state, and tertiary largest of any state east of the Rocky Mountains behind North Dakota and South Dakota.[4]

Minnesota is far from major sources of wet and is in the transition zone between the moist East and the semi-arid Great Plains. Annual average atmospheric precipitation beyond the land ranges from around 35 inches (890 mm) in the southeast to 20 inches (510 mm) in the northwest.[five] Snow is the principal form of precipitation from November through March, while rain is the well-nigh common the remainder of the yr. Annual snowfall extremes have ranged from over 170 inches or 4.32 metres in the rugged Superior Highlands of the Due north Shore to as piddling every bit 2.3 inches or 0.06 metres in southern Minnesota.[6] [7] It has snowed in Minnesota during every calendar month with the exception of July, and the state averages 110 days per year with snow cover of an inch (2.5 cm) or greater.[8]

Lake Superior [edit]

Lake Superior moderates the climate of those parts of Minnesota's Arrowhead Region near the shore. The lake acts as a rut sink, keeping the state's North Shore area relatively libation in the summertime and warmer in the wintertime.[ten] While this event is marked near the lake, it does non attain very far inland. For example, Grand Marais on the lakeshore has an boilerplate July high temperature of 70 °F (21 °C), while Virginia, at about the aforementioned latitude but inland about 100 miles (161 km) to the westward, has an average July high of 77 °F (25 °C). Virginia's average high temperature in Jan is 15 °F (−ix °C), while M Marais' is 23 °F (−5 °C).[11] Just a few miles inland from Lake Superior are the Sawtooth Mountains, which almost completely confine the marine air masses and associated precipitation to lower elevations virtually the lake.[12]

The prevailing northwest winter winds also limit the lake's influence. Places near the shoreline tin receive lake-result snow, simply because the country lies north and w of the lake, snowfall amounts are not most every bit large every bit they are in locations like Wisconsin and Michigan that lie downwind to the south.[9] Even so, the unmarried largest snowstorm in Minnesota history was a lake effect event. On January vi, 1994, Finland, Minnesota, received 36 inches (0.91 m) of lake effect snow in 24 hours, and 47 inches (1.19 m) over a 3-day period. Both are Minnesota records. At 85 inches or two.16 metres per year, the port city of Duluth has the highest average snowfall total of any city in Minnesota.[13] At 58.nine °F (14.9 °C), Grand Marais has the lowest average summertime temperature of any city in the state.[14]

The climatological effects of Lake Superior tend to stifle convection, thus limiting the potential for tornadoes.[8] Although Cook and Lake counties are two of the largest counties in the state, they have experienced only vii tornadoes in the past 56 years.[15] I of those tornadoes was a large F3 that occurred in the Tornado outbreak of Baronial vi, 1969.

Climate [edit]

Temperature [edit]

Average Temperatures in Minnesota in °Fahrenheit (°Celsius), 1971–2000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept October November December Annual
Alexandria[16] viii
(−xiii) 		15
(−9) 		27
(−3) 		43
(6) 		56
(13) 		65
(18) 		70
(21) 		68
(20) 		58
(fourteen) 		45
(7) 		28
(−2) 		14
(−10) 		41
(v)
Brainerd[17] 6
(−14) 		13
(−11) 		26
(−3) 		42
(6) 		56
(xiii) 		64
(eighteen) 		69
(21) 		66
(19) 		56
(13) 		44
(7) 		28
(−2) 		13
(−11) 		40
(four)
Duluth[xviii] ten
(−12) 		17
(−eight) 		26
(−3) 		39
(4) 		48
(nine) 		58
(14) 		66
(19) 		65
(18) 		56
(13) 		45
(7) 		31
(−1) 		17
(−8) 		xl
(4)
K Marais[19] 14
(−ten) 		xix
(−7) 		28
(−2) 		38
(3) 		47
(eight) 		53
(12) 		61
(xvi) 		63
(17) 		55
(thirteen) 		45
(7) 		32
(0) 		xix
(−7) 		39
(4)
International Falls[20] three
(−16) 		eleven
(−12) 		24
(−4) 		39
(4) 		53
(12) 		62
(17) 		66
(19) 		64
(18) 		53
(12) 		42
(6) 		24
(−4) 		ix
(−13) 		32
(0)
Redwood Falls[21] thirteen
(−11) 		twenty
(−7) 		32
(0) 		47
(8) 		sixty
(sixteen) 		70
(21) 		74
(23) 		71
(22) 		62
(17) 		49
(9) 		32
(0) 		18
(−8) 		46
(8)
Thief River Falls[22] three
(−16) 		11
(−12) 		24
(−four) 		42
(six) 		56
(thirteen) 		64
(xviii) 		69
(21) 		67
(xix) 		56
(thirteen) 		44
(7) 		24
(−4) 		nine
(−xiii) 		39
(four)
Twin Cities[23] thirteen
(−11) 		20
(−7) 		32
(0) 		47
(eight) 		59
(15) 		68
(xx) 		73
(23) 		71
(22) 		61
(sixteen) 		49
(ix) 		32
(0) 		19
(−7) 		45
(7)
Winona[24] 18
(−8) 		24
(−4) 		36
(2) 		50
(10) 		62
(17) 		71
(22) 		76
(24) 		73
(23) 		64
(18) 		52
(11) 		32
(0) 		23
(−5) 		49
(9)
Worthington[25] 11
(−12) 		18
(−8) 		29
(−2) 		44
(7) 		57
(14) 		67
(xix) 		71
(22) 		68
(20) 		59
(15) 		47
(8) 		30
(−one) 		17
(−8) 		43
(half-dozen)

Precipitation [edit]

Average Precipitation in Minnesota in inches (millimetres), 1971–2000
January Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov December Annual
Alexandria[sixteen] i.0 (25) 0.7 (18) 1.5 (38) iii.0 (76) 4.5 (110) three.three (84) 3.6 (91) 2.vii (69) 2.2 (56) 1.2 (30) 0.6 (15) 26.0 (660)
Brainerd[17] 0.eight (xx) 0.6 (15) 1.5 (38) 2.0 (51) 3.3 (84) 4.2 (110) four.1 (100) 3.6 (91) 2.viii (71) two.v (64) i.6 (41) 0.7 (18) 27.seven (700)
Duluth[18] one.0 (25) 0.5 (13) ane.four (36) 1.half-dozen (41) 2.iii (58) 3.vii (94) 3.7 (94) 3.7 (94) 3.seven (94) 1.nine (48) 1.4 (36) 0.8 (20) 25.6 (650)
Thou Marais[19] 0.7 (eighteen) 0.6 (15) ane.1 (28) 1.3 (33) 2.five (64) 3.4 (86) 3.4 (86) 3.i (79) iii.4 (86) 2.6 (66) 1.eight (46) 0.8 (20) 24.6 (620)
International Falls[20] 0.viii (20) 0.vi (fifteen) ane.0 (25) one.four (36) 2.six (66) iv.0 (100) 3.4 (86) 3.one (79) three.0 (76) 2.0 (51) 1.four (36) 0.7 (xviii) 23.9 (610)
Redwood Falls[21] 0.7 (eighteen) 0.6 (fifteen) 1.7 (43) 2.v (64) 3.1 (79) 4.1 (100) 3.8 (97) 3.half-dozen (91) 2.v (64) 1.nine (48) 1.6 (41) 0.6 (15) 26.6 (680)
Thief River Falls[22] 0.2 (v.1) 0.3 (7.half-dozen) 0.4 (10) i.0 (25) ii.half-dozen (66) three.4 (86) 3.four (86) 3.1 (79) 2.4 (61) i.seven (43) 0.ix (23) 0.iii (7.6) 19.7 (500)
Twin Cities[23] one.0 (25) 0.8 (20) 1.ix (48) ii.3 (58) 3.2 (81) 4.3 (110) 4.ane (100) 4.1 (100) 2.7 (69) 2.1 (53) ane.nine (48) one.0 (25) 29.4 (750)
Winona[24] 1.4 (36) 0.vii (18) ane.8 (46) iii.5 (89) 3.9 (99) 4.2 (110) 4.4 (110) 4.7 (120) 3.9 (99) ii.two (56) 2.ii (56) 1.3 (33) 34.ii (870)
Worthington[25] 0.7 (xviii) 0.vi (15) 1.9 (48) 2.7 (69) 3.four (86) 4.6 (120) three.6 (91) 3.five (89) 2.6 (66) 2.0 (51) 1.vii (43) 0.7 (xviii) 27.viii (710)

Total statistics for selected cities 1981–2010 [edit]

Climate information for Duluth Int'l, Minnesota (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1871–present[b])
Calendar month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep October Nov December Yr
Record loftier °F (°C) 55
(13) 		58
(14) 		81
(27) 		88
(31) 		95
(35) 		97
(36) 		106
(41) 		97
(36) 		95
(35) 		86
(30) 		75
(24) 		56
(xiii) 		106
(41)
Hateful maximum °F (°C) 39
(4) 		43
(6) 		56
(13) 		71
(22) 		82
(28) 		86
(30) 		89
(32) 		87
(31) 		82
(28) 		74
(23) 		55
(13) 		forty
(4) 		xc
(32)
Average high °F (°C) 19.9
(−half-dozen.7) 		24.8
(−4.0) 		36.2
(2.3) 		49.2
(ix.6) 		63.0
(17.2) 		72.1
(22.3) 		77.7
(25.four) 		75.8
(24.iii) 		67.2
(xix.six) 		52.7
(11.5) 		37.1
(2.8) 		24.7
(−four.1) 		50.0
(10.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 11.ii
(−11.six) 		15.4
(−nine.ii) 		27.0
(−2.viii) 		39.five
(4.2) 		52.0
(11.1) 		61.two
(16.2) 		67.0
(19.iv) 		65.5
(18.6) 		57.2
(fourteen.0) 		44.one
(6.7) 		29.viii
(−1.2) 		17.ane
(−8.3) 		40.6
(iv.eight)
Boilerplate low °F (°C) two.4
(−16.4) 		6.0
(−14.iv) 		17.8
(−7.9) 		29.ix
(−1.two) 		41.0
(5.0) 		50.2
(x.1) 		56.two
(13.four) 		55.2
(12.nine) 		47.3
(8.5) 		35.6
(ii.0) 		22.5
(−5.3) 		9.6
(−12.4) 		31.1
(−0.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −22
(−30) 		−17
(−27) 		−7
(−22) 		15
(−9) 		29
(−2) 		38
(3) 		46
(8) 		45
(vii) 		33
(ane) 		22
(−vi) 		iii
(−16) 		−xiv
(−26) 		−24
(−31)
Record low °F (°C) −41
(−41) 		−39
(−39) 		−29
(−34) 		−5
(−21) 		sixteen
(−nine) 		27
(−3) 		35
(ii) 		32
(0) 		23
(−5) 		6
(−xiv) 		−29
(−34) 		−35
(−37) 		−41
(−41)
Average atmospheric precipitation inches (mm) 0.95
(24) 		1.01
(26) 		1.46
(37) 		2.53
(64) 		iii.37
(86) 		4.39
(112) 		3.92
(100) 		3.73
(95) 		3.48
(88) 		ii.91
(74) 		ane.96
(50) 		1.47
(37) 		31.eighteen
(792)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 16.8
(43) 		15.1
(38) 		12.viii
(33) 		9.i
(23) 		0.8
(2.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		2.7
(six.9) 		xiv.1
(36) 		xviii.7
(47) 		90.ii
(229)
Average atmospheric precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.4 8.9 nine.half-dozen eleven.3 12.vii 12.4 xi.nine 10.8 eleven.6 11.nine 11.0 x.7 133.two
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 13.ane 10.nine 8.0 5.7 0.vi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.1 9.0 12.9 62.iv
Average relative humidity (%) 72.0 69.8 69.iii 63.6 62.7 69.5 seventy.9 74.v 75.7 71.4 74.9 76.3 seventy.ix
Average dew point °F (°C) 0.3
(−17.6) 		4.5
(−15.3) 		15.iv
(−9.two) 		25.5
(−3.6) 		36.v
(2.5) 		48.2
(9.0) 		55.0
(12.viii) 		54.0
(12.ii) 		45.7
(7.6) 		34.0
(1.one) 		21.2
(−6.0) 		seven.2
(−13.8) 		29.0
(−1.7)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 132.7 149.seven 190.7 229.5 263.5 272.8 307.five 261.8 194.0 150.4 98.v 102.three 2,353.4
Pct possible sunshine 47 52 52 56 57 58 64 60 51 44 35 38 53
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[26] [27] [28]
Climate information for Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport (1991–2020 normals,[c] extremes 1871–nowadays)[d]
Month Jan February Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov December Year
Tape high °F (°C) 58
(14) 		64
(18) 		83
(28) 		95
(35) 		106
(41) 		104
(twoscore) 		108
(42) 		103
(39) 		104
(forty) 		ninety
(32) 		77
(25) 		68
(xx) 		108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 42.v
(5.viii) 		46.7
(8.2) 		64.vii
(eighteen.2) 		79.7
(26.5) 		88.seven
(31.5) 		93.3
(34.1) 		94.4
(34.7) 		91.7
(33.2) 		88.3
(31.3) 		eighty.1
(26.7) 		62.ane
(16.vii) 		47.1
(8.4) 		96.4
(35.viii)
Boilerplate high °F (°C) 23.six
(−4.vii) 		28.5
(−1.ix) 		41.7
(v.4) 		56.6
(thirteen.7) 		69.2
(20.7) 		79.0
(26.i) 		83.4
(28.6) 		80.7
(27.one) 		72.9
(22.7) 		58.1
(14.5) 		41.9
(5.five) 		28.8
(−i.eight) 		55.4
(thirteen.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) xvi.ii
(−8.viii) 		20.6
(−six.iii) 		33.3
(0.7) 		47.1
(8.iv) 		59.5
(15.3) 		69.vii
(20.9) 		74.3
(23.5) 		71.8
(22.one) 		63.5
(17.5) 		49.5
(9.7) 		34.8
(i.half dozen) 		22.0
(−5.6) 		46.9
(8.3)
Average low °F (°C) 8.8
(−12.ix) 		12.7
(−x.7) 		24.ix
(−3.9) 		37.5
(3.1) 		49.9
(ix.ix) 		60.iv
(15.8) 		65.3
(18.v) 		62.eight
(17.ane) 		54.ii
(12.3) 		40.ix
(4.9) 		27.vii
(−2.4) 		15.2
(−9.3) 		38.4
(3.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −fourteen.vii
(−25.9) 		−8
(−22) 		ii.7
(−16.3) 		21.9
(−5.vi) 		35.seven
(2.1) 		47.3
(viii.5) 		54.five
(12.5) 		52.three
(eleven.3) 		38.2
(iii.iv) 		26.0
(−3.3) 		nine.2
(−12.vii) 		−seven.1
(−21.7) 		−16.9
(−27.2)
Record depression °F (°C) −41
(−41) 		−33
(−36) 		−32
(−36) 		two
(−17) 		18
(−8) 		34
(1) 		43
(6) 		39
(iv) 		26
(−3) 		x
(−12) 		−25
(−32) 		−39
(−39) 		−41
(−41)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.89
(23) 		0.87
(22) 		1.68
(43) 		2.91
(74) 		3.91
(99) 		4.58
(116) 		4.06
(103) 		4.34
(110) 		3.02
(77) 		2.58
(66) 		1.61
(41) 		1.17
(30) 		31.62
(803)
Boilerplate snowfall inches (cm) 11.0
(28) 		ix.5
(24) 		8.2
(21) 		3.5
(8.9) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(two.0) 		6.8
(17) 		11.4
(29) 		51.ii
(130)
Average atmospheric precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.half dozen 7.8 ix.0 11.2 12.iv 11.8 ten.4 9.8 9.iii nine.5 eight.3 9.7 118.viii
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) ix.three 7.3 5.2 ii.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 four.5 8.eight 38.two
Average relative humidity (%) 69.9 69.5 67.4 60.3 60.4 63.8 64.viii 67.9 70.7 68.3 72.6 74.i 67.5
Boilerplate dew indicate °F (°C) 4.1
(−15.five) 		nine.5
(−12.5) 		20.vii
(−half dozen.3) 		31.6
(−0.2) 		43.5
(half-dozen.iv) 		54.vii
(12.6) 		sixty.1
(15.6) 		58.three
(14.6) 		49.8
(ix.9) 		37.ix
(three.3) 		25.0
(−3.nine) 		11.1
(−11.6) 		33.9
(i.0)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 156.7 178.three 217.5 242.1 295.2 321.nine 350.v 307.2 233.2 181.0 112.8 114.iii 2,710.7
Percent possible sunshine 55 61 59 threescore 64 69 74 71 62 53 39 42 59
Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 5 7 8 8 7 five 3 ii 1 four
Source one: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)[xxx] [31] [32]
Source two: Weather Atlas (UV)[33]

Seasons [edit]

Winter [edit]

Even though winter does not officially start until tardily Dec, Minnesota usually begins experiencing winter-like atmospheric condition in November, sometimes in Oct. As with many other Midwestern states, wintertime in Minnesota is characterized by cold (below freezing) temperatures and snow. Weather systems can motion in from the north, west, or s, with the bulk of the weather being driven in from the north. A vigorous jet stream brings high and low-pressure systems through in quick succession, which can cause big temperature variations over a brusk menses of time.

Winter temperature [edit]

As the final remnants of summer air in the southern U.S. outset to lose their grip, cold polar air building upward in northern Canada starts to button farther south, somewhen spreading into Minnesota. Past the time December and January go far, Minnesota is fully engulfed in the polar air and is then subjected to outbreaks of arctic air masses. Because in that location are no natural barriers north or northwest of Minnesota to block arctic air from pouring s, Minnesota gets regular shots of the arctic air through the winter.[34] Loftier pressure systems which descend south from the Canadian plains backside the fronts bring light winds, clear skies, and bitterly common cold temperatures. The northern function of Minnesota gets the burden of the common cold air. International Falls, sometimes called the "Icebox of the nation", has the coldest boilerplate annual temperature of any National Weather Service start-club station in the contiguous U.s.a. at 37.four °F or 3.0 °C.[35] Belfry, Minnesota, sinks below 0 °F or −17.8 °C on an average of lxx-one days per year, while the ten coldest counties in the face-to-face US, based on January minimums, are all located in Minnesota.[36] The air mass then slowly moderates as it moves south into the residual of the state. Alberta clippers alternate with these loftier-force per unit area systems, bringing loftier winds and some snow with them.

Minnesota occasionally gets breaks from the polar and arctic air when a zonal flow takes agree. This means that the jet stream volition motion in a w to due east motion—rather than north to southward—and warmer air from the western Us is pushed into the region. In Minnesota this design unremarkably leads to a prolonged period of higher up freezing high temperatures that gives Minnesotans a break from the wintertime freeze. Storms that motion into Minnesota from a more westerly direction generally do not bring significant amounts of precipitation with them.[37] This pattern becomes especially mutual when El Niño is present, as the jet stream is weakened and pushed further north into Canada, therefore arctic air is oftentimes blocked from entering Minnesota. The contrary stage, La Niña, amplifies the jet stream, therefore arctic air intrusions get even colder and more prevalent.

Winter precipitation [edit]

Winter precipitation comes in a few different forms. Snowfall is the main form of atmospheric precipitation, only freezing rain, water ice, sleet and sometimes even rain are all possible during the winter months. Larger storm systems, frequently Panhandle hooks or other storms that occur with a meridional period, can bring large amounts of snow and even blizzard conditions.[38]

Alberta clippers [edit]

Typical winter storm tracks in Minnesota.

Alberta clippers are fast-moving areas of low pressure that move through Minnesota during the winter months.[39] Clippers get their name from Alberta, Canada, the province from which they begin their southward track. (Other variations of the same type of tempest systems are "Saskatchewan Screamers" or "Manitoba Maulers".[forty]) Although clippers ofttimes originate over the northern Pacific Bounding main, they lose most of their moisture through orographic lift when they collide with the Canadian Rockies. Because of the express moisture content and quick movement of the systems, clippers rarely produce more than than half dozen inches or 0.15 metres of snow as they pass through Minnesota.[41] The biggest effects of an Alberta Clipper are what follows them; chill air, high wind speed, and unsafe wind chills. This oft results in astringent bravado and globe-trotting snowfall, and sometimes even blizzard weather.[42] Alberta Clippers oftentimes proceed to go copious lake-effect snow producers on the southern and eastern shores of the Great Lakes.[43]

Panhandle hooks [edit]

In terms of their characteristics, Panhandle hooks are well-nigh the opposite of Alberta clippers. Instead of forming in the north and dropping south, these low pressure level systems form in the southwestern U.s.a. and so motion northeast. They go their name from the location where they usually make their plough to the north; near the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. Unlike clippers, these storms normally accept a great deal of moisture to piece of work with. Equally the storms make their plough to the due north, they pull in moist air from the nearby Gulf of United mexican states and pull it due north toward Minnesota and other parts of the Midwest.[44] As these systems motion to the northeast, there will normally be a heavy band of snow to the northwest of the low pressure middle if there is enough common cold air present. A wintery mix of atmospheric precipitation, rain, or sometimes even thunderstorms will then often occur to the south of it.[45] Snowfall of over a foot (xxx cm) is non uncommon with a panhandle claw, and because of the high moisture content in these systems the snow is usually wet and heavy. Large panhandle hooks can get powerful enough to draw in arctic air later on they pass past the country, leaving bitter common cold temperatures and current of air chills in their wake. Panhandle Hooks are responsible for some of the most famous blizzards that take occurred in the Midwest, including the blizzard of November 1940 and the Great Storm of 1975.[42]

Spring [edit]

Spring is a time of major transition in Minnesota. As wintertime nears its end, the lord's day rises higher in the sky and temperatures begin to moderate. As this happens much of the Midwest starts to experience severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.[46] Tempest systems that move inland from the Pacific begin to collide with the increasingly warm and moist air from the Gulf of United mexican states. In the early on part of the spring, Minnesota is commonly non in a geographically favorable position to experience severe weather since the warm air needed for it has non yet pushed that far to the north.[47] Early spring tornado outbreaks do occur occasionally in Minnesota though, equally evidenced by the 1998 Comfrey – St. Peter tornado outbreak on March 29, 1998. More often, Minnesota is on the northern (cooler) side of major tempest systems in the early bound, which instead results in only rain and possibly snowfall. Even though the winter snow pack typically starts to melt in southern Minnesota in early March, there is usually still enough common cold air present over Canada to allow for major snow storms in Minnesota until late Apr. Very heavy (30+ inches) monthly snowfalls can occur in March, such as in 1951 and 1965, and rarely, April, such equally in April 2002 when over xx inches of snow cruel at Minneapolis, and April 2013, when heavy snow blanketed Minnesota and Duluth received a record monthly snowfall (for any month) of over 50 inches.[48]

Wind turbines in western Minnesota

As spring progresses, the jet stream starts to push button storm systems further to the north, and southern Minnesota becomes more prone to severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.[47] As spring moves into the later stages, the chances for snow keep to drop and eventually disappear, southward to north. Past the time information technology gets warm enough for severe weather in northern Minnesota, the force of storm systems take usually started to subtract, which results in fewer severe storms in northern Minnesota compared to the southern function of the state.

Current of air [edit]

With the exception of areas forth the shores of Lake Superior, winds in Minnesota generally prevail from the north and northwest in the wintertime, and south and southeast in the summer.[viii] On boilerplate, autumn and jump are the windiest times of the year in Minnesota. October is the windiest month in northwest Minnesota, while April is the windiest over the residual of the state.[49] Winds generally average between 9 and 11 mph (14 and 18 km/h) across the state, with one major exception. The heaviest winds in the land are institute on the Buffalo Ridge, or Coteau des Prairies, a flatiron-shaped area extending from Watertown, South Dakota, diagonally across southwestern Minnesota and into Iowa. Created by ii lobes of a glacier departing around a pre-existing plateau during the (Pleistocene) Water ice Age, the Buffalo Ridge is ideal for wind power generation, with boilerplate air current speeds of 16.i mph (26.viii km/h).[l]

Floods [edit]

Minnesota is prone to flooding in its major rivers by spring snowmelt runoff and ice jams. Bound flooding to some degree occurs almost annually on some Minnesota rivers, but major floods take occurred in 1965, 1969, 1997, 2001, and 2009.[51] [52] The flooding in 1965 was the worst alluvion in Minnesota history on the Mississippi River, while the flooding in 1997 was the worst in history on the Red River.[53] The Scarlet River inundation of 1997 was aided heavily by the 11 blizzards that struck Minnesota that winter.[eight] [54] Besides heavy winter and spring snowfall, cold winter temperatures and heavy autumn and spring rains causing sudden run-off surges are also common causes of spring river flooding in Minnesota.[55]

Minnesota is also prone to both river flooding and localized wink flooding past extended periods of heavy late-bound and summer rainfall. The Great Flood of 1993 on the Mississippi River was caused by copious amounts of rain that fell after the bound snow cook.[56]

The 2007 Midwest flooding, which affected the hilly Driftless area of southeast Minnesota was the result of a training blueprint of storms mixing warm moist air from Tropical Tempest Erin with cooler Canadian air, resulting in record 24-60 minutes rainfall totals of up to 17 inches (432 mm),[57] with a similar flooding event in 2010 as a result of the remnants of tropical tempest Georgette in the eastern Pacific and Hurricane Karl in the Gulf of United mexican states.[58]

Summer [edit]

Canoes ready for employ on a summer afternoon at Lake Harriet in Minneapolis

During a Minnesota summer, oestrus and humidity predominate in the south, while warm and less boiling weather condition are generally nowadays in the north. A chief characteristic of summertime weather condition in Minnesota and the Midwestern U.s. as a whole is the weakening of the jet stream, leading to slower movement of air masses, a general increase in the stability of temperatures, and less air current.[59] The potent wind that does blow virtually always comes from the south, bringing in warm temperatures and humidity. These boiling conditions and a jet stream that has pushed into the northern parts of the U.S. initiate thunderstorm activity 30–twoscore days per year.[threescore]

Temperature [edit]

Daily average summer temperatures in Minnesota range from the low 70s (22 °C) in the southward to the mid 60s °F (19 °C) in the north.[fourteen] Considering summer time air masses are non as volatile equally in the wintertime, daily high and low temperatures rarely vary more than than 15 degrees (7 °C) either side of normal. While summertime around much of the country ways long stretches of hot and humid weather, Minnesota is located far enough north where periods of libation, drier polar air frequently movement in backside polar fronts dropping south from Canada.[7] The polar air typically does non linger very long however and is quickly replaced by the warmer and more humid air from the Gulf of Mexico again. The absurd, dry out polar air colliding with hot and humid summertime air keep the threat of thunderstorms and tornadoes in Minnesota through July and August.[47] Northern Minnesota is considerably cooler and less humid than southern Minnesota during the summer months. For instance, Duluth'southward annual average temperature and dew point are 6 degrees (iii.4 °C) cooler than Minneapolis'.[61]

July is the hottest calendar month in Minnesota statewide and is usually the month when the pinnacle oestrus waves occur. In July 1936, Minnesota and the rest of the Midwest suffered through its near severe heat wave on record. Most of the state was engulfed in 100 °F (37.8 °C) temperatures for several days in a row, and Minnesota'due south all-time record high temperature of 114 °F or 45.half dozen °C was equaled during this stretch. This estrus wave was also responsible for the Twin Cities' all-time record high of 108 °F or 42.2 °C, besides as the best record loftier of several other cities across the state.[62]

The western region of Minnesota experiences the hottest summer temperatures. Coteau des Prairies can heat cities to the north of it similar to how places in the Rocky Mountains are warmed by Chinook winds. As southwest winds blow downwardly the gradient of Coteau des Prairies, the air compresses and warms. This heats the hot air fifty-fifty further and often brings locations such every bit Beardsley and Moorhead the hottest temperatures in the state, despite their higher latitudes.[7]

Precipitation [edit]

The summer months of June, July, August, and September account for well-nigh half of the almanac precipitation total across the state of Minnesota.[63] Nigh of this rain falls from thunderstorms, a frequent summer occurrence. Even though summer is the chief season for Minnesota to experience thunderstorms, they tin occur from March to November. These storms can get astringent, producing large hail, strong tornadoes, and large bow echos that result in damaging straight-line winds. Minnesota has experienced several major derecho events, most recently the Boundary Waters-Canadian Derecho which blew downwardly millions of trees in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness on July 4, 1999.[64]

Summertime thunderstorms are fueled past dew points that frequently achieve beyond 70 °F (21.1 °C) and sometimes even 80 °F or 26.7 °C.[65] In add-on to severe conditions, thunderstorms produce heavy rain and deject to basis lightning. Heavy rain brings wink floods to Minnesota an average of three days per yr.[34] With the exception of hail, summer precipitation in Minnesota is almost always in the form of rain. The lone exception is in far northern Minnesota, where in mid-September, small amounts of snow become a possibility.[8]

Droughts [edit]

Droughts are an annual summer concern in Minnesota, especially for farmers. The growing flavour (which varies from ninety days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeast Minnesota) is when Minnesota averages its highest percentage of annual atmospheric precipitation, and so a lack of rainfall during this time period tin be devastating to crops.[34] The final major drought in Minnesota was in 1988. During that year, the period of April to July was the second-driest in the previous century, and the period of May to August was the hottest on record. The combination of dry skies and heat acquired a severe drought which cost the state approximately 1.2 billion dollars in ingather losses.[66]

Other memorable drought years were 1976 and the Grit Bowl years of the 1930s. During the dust bowl, inappropriate farming techniques enhanced past years of drought atmospheric condition led to dust storms in Southern Minnesota and the other parts of the Midwest.[67] Drought conditions also accept helped spawn wood fires. In 1894 the Bang-up Hinckley Fire destroyed Hinckley killing an estimated 459 people, and in 1918 a wood fire killed 453 people in the vicinity of Cloquet.[68] More than recently, in 2006, the Cavity Lake Fire burned 31,830 acres (129 kmtwo) in the Boundary Waters Canoe Surface area Wilderness.[69]

Tornadoes [edit]

An F3 tornado in southern Minnesota on August 24, 2006

Tornadoes are possible in Minnesota from March–November, merely the peak tornado month is June, followed by July, May, and Baronial. Tornadoes are most mutual in the southern half of the state, which is located on the northern edge of Tornado Alley. But over a tertiary of tornadoes in Minnesota strike between iv:00 pm and 6:00 pm.[8] The state averages 27 tornadoes per year,[1] 99% of which accept ratings of F2 or weaker. On average Minnesota has an F5 tornado one time every 25 years. Some of the notable Minnesota tornadoes and outbreaks are:

  • Baronial 21, 1883: An F5 tornado struck Rochester, killing 37. This tornado led to the construction of a new infirmary, which eventually evolved into the Mayo Clinic.
  • Apr 14, 1886: A big tornado struck Sauk Rapids, killing 72. This was Minnesota'southward deadliest tornado on record.[70]
  • June 22, 1919: The second-deadliest tornado in Minnesota history tore through Fergus Falls, killing 59.
  • May 6, 1965: 4 F4 tornadoes ripped through the Twin Cities metro area (two of them in Fridley), killing thirteen.
  • June 16, 1992: Minnesota experienced its second-largest tornado outbreak with 27 recorded twisters. The largest tornado in this family was an F5 that struck Chandler, Minnesota, killing one. This is the most recent F5 tornado to strike the state.
  • March 29, 1998: An F4 and an F3 tornado that were office of a larger outbreak tore through the towns of Comfrey and St. Peter. They killed two and acquired damage in the millions of dollars in Minnesota'due south primeval recorded tornado outbreak.
  • June 17, 2010: Three EF4 and six EF3 tornadoes were role of 48 twisters that touched downwardly in Minnesota'southward largest tornado outbreak on record.[47]

Autumn [edit]

Autumn conditions in Minnesota is marked by the rapid subtract of severe thunderstorms, dramatic cooling, and somewhen the possibility of blizzards. With summer-fourth dimension rut still prevalent in the southern U.S. and colder air quickly taking hold in Canada, Minnesota can be affected by wide temperature swings in short periods of time. Because of this, the jet stream, which tends to weaken during the summertime months, begins to re-strengthen. This leads to quicker changes in weather condition patterns and increasingly strong storm systems.[71] [72] As autumn moves on, these storm systems bring with them progressively colder air, eventually changing the rain over snowfall, mostly starting in Oct in the northern part of the state and November in the south.[73] From September to Dec the average temperature in the state falls by approximately 43 °F (23 °C), the largest such temperature swing within whatsoever Minnesota season.[14]

By tardily October and November atmospheric dynamics are generally in place to allow storm systems to go very intense. In fact, Minnesota's best tape depression pressure was recorded during autumn on October 26, 2010.[74] If these powerful storm systems are able to depict enough common cold air s from Canada, they can evolve into powerful blizzards. Some of Minnesota's most memorable winter storm events accept occurred during the heart office of the autumn season. On Nov 11, 1940, the southeast half of Minnesota was surprised by the Armistice Day Blizzard. Temperatures in the 60s °F (sixteen °C) on the morning of November 11 dropped into the unmarried digits (below –12 °C) past the morning of Nov 12, bringing with them 27 inches (0.69 m) of snow and threescore miles per hour or 100 kilometres per hr winds. Known deaths in this blizzard reached 154, 49 of them in Minnesota.[75] [76] On Oct 31, 1991, much of Minnesota was hit by the Halloween Blizzard. A ring of snowfall of 24+ in (60+ cm) roughshod from the Twin Cities n to Duluth. It was the single largest snowfall ever recorded in many communities across eastern Minnesota.[77]

Climate change [edit]

Köppen climate types in Minnesota, showing the country to be mostly warm-summer boiling continental, with significant hot-summer humid continental portions.

Climate change in Minnesota encompasses the effects of climate change, attributed to homo-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, in the U.South. state of Minnesota.

The U.s.a. Ecology Protection Agency has reported that "Minnesota's climate is changing. The country has warmed ane to three degrees (F) in the final century. Floods are becoming more frequent, and ice encompass on lakes is forming subsequently and melting sooner. In the coming decades, these trends are probable to continue. Rising temperatures may interfere with winter recreation, extend the growing season, modify the composition of trees in the North Woods, and increase water pollution bug in lakes and rivers. The country will have more extremely hot days, which may impairment public health in urban areas and corn harvests in rural areas".[78]

A 2022 Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) News written report describing diverse indicators that the climate of Minnesota was changing noted specific regional trends of increasing temperatures and precipitation, and effects on trees and wild animals.[79]

Image and popular civilization [edit]

Minnesota'southward climate has done much to shape the image of the state. Minnesota has a late simply intense spring, a summer of water sports, an autumn of brilliantly colored leaves, and a long winter with outdoor sports and activities.

"Summer at the lake" is a Minnesota tradition. Water skiing was invented in Minnesota by Ralph Samuelson, and the Minneapolis Aquatennial features a milk carton boat race. Contestants build boats from milk cartons and bladder them on Minneapolis area lakes, with recognition based more than on colorful and imaginative designs than on actual racing performance.[80]

Just while Minnesota's warm summers provide its natives and tourists with a variety of outdoor activities, the state is known for its winters. The land has produced curlers, skiers, and lugers who accept competed in the Wintertime Olympics, pioneers who invented the snowmobile, and legions of ice angling enthusiasts.[81]

Water ice fishing in Minnesota has been a theme in Hollywood films

The state is also known for enthusiastic water ice hockey players, both at the apprentice and professional levels. Eveleth, Minnesota, dwelling to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame, boasts of the number of quality players and the contributions of the urban center (and the remainder of the Mesabi Range) to the growth and development of hockey in the U.s.a..[82]

To many outsiders, Minnesota's winters announced to exist cold and inhospitable. A World War 2 newscaster, in describing the brutally cold conditions of the Russian front, stated that at least Minnesotans could understand information technology.[81] A New York journalist visited St. Paul and declared that the urban center was "another Siberia, unfit for human home." In response, the metropolis decided to build a huge ice palace in 1886, similar to one that Montreal had congenital in 1885. They hired the architects of the Canadian ice palace to design one for St. Paul and built a palace 106 ft (32.three k) high with ice blocks cut from a nearby lake.[fourscore] This began the tradition of the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, a ten-day festival which celebrates Minnesota's winter flavour.[83]

Minnesota's winters are the setting of several television receiver programs and Hollywood films, including the 1996 film Fargo which features the properties of a Minnesota wintertime, but like most of the characters in the flick, the climate is portrayed as bleak and inhospitable.[84]

Encounter likewise [edit]

  • Climate of the The states
  • Meteorology

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.due east. the expected highest and everyman temperature readings at any signal during the twelvemonth or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Duluth were kept at downtown from August 1871 to May 1941, and at Duluth Int'50 since June 1941. For more data, come across ThreadEx.
  3. ^ Hateful monthly maxima and minima (i.eastward., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an unabridged month or yr) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  4. ^ Official records for Minneapolis/St. Paul were kept by the St. Paul Bespeak Service in that city from January 1871 to Dec 1890, the Minneapolis Weather Bureau from January 1891 to April eight, 1938, and at KMSP since April 9, 1938.[29]

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External links [edit]

  • Minnesota State Climatology Role
  • National Weather condition Service – Central Region Headquarters
  • National Climatic Information Center
Natural Disasters
  • Minnesota'south Fiercest Floods Documentary produced by Twin Cities PBS
  • Minnesota's Deadliest Blizzards Documentary produced past Twin Cities PBS
  • Minnesota'due south Deadliest Tornadoes Documentary produced past Twin Cities PBS

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Minnesota

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